Two experts whose help was indispensable during this period were Dr Raymond Bathurst, who handled the technical and computing side of the operation, and Dr Karl Stowasser, who iliitiated us into the elusive art of lexicography and readily shared with us the labour of drafting and redrafting some of the most complex entries. The basic work of preparation of this dictionary took place between the years 1972-1977. The moral support ofthe Arabic Language Academy in Cairo was indispensable, and for this we owe thanks in particular to Dr Ibrahim Madkour, formerly Secretary and now Chairman of the Academy, for his encouragement and advice (although the content of the' dictionary is of course the responsibility of the compilers alone), and to Mr Ibrahim El-Tarzi. Substantial support was also provided by the Ford Foundation, in which connection acknowledgement is due to Mr William Irelan, Dr Ronald Wolfe, Mr Courtney Nelson, Mr Samuel Bunker, Dr Bjorn Jernu~d and Professor Richard Tucker.

Office of Education, among whose officers Mrs Julia Petrov, who was our understanding and longsuffering Program Officer, and Dr Richard Thompson deserve special thanks for their help. A major part of the funding was provided by the U.S. The project enjoyed the support of several institutions. Among other officers or former officers of the American University in Cairo who did much to facilitate work, particularly in times of difficulty, were Dr Richard Crabbs, Dr Hussein Fawzy, Dr Mohammed Allam, Dr Cecil Byrd, Dr Thomas Lamont, Mr Peter Nichols, Dr Richard Pedersen, Dr Moyer Hunsberger, Dr Marsden Jones, Mr Ahmed El-Lozy, Mr Carl Schieren and Miss Priscilla Blakemore. In the first place, the project would not have come into being at all without the support and encouragement of the late Chri~topher Thoron, who was President of the American University in Cairo from 1969 until his untimely death in 1974. The compilers are indebted to a great many people for their advice and assistance. Office of Education Department of Health, Education and Welfare, and with support from the Ford Foundation.Д¬ONTENTS Acknowledgements Introduction Arrangement of Entries The Dictionary Illustrations This work was developed under a contract with the U.S. No part o/this publication l1Uly be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any Jorm or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior, written permission oj the Publishers. UBRAIRIE DU LIMN, 1986 All rights reserved. Associated companies, branches and representatives throughout the world. Librairie du Uban Riad Solh Square, Beirut. Issued under the sponsorship of The American University in Cairo

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